|
I. |
Purpose / Definition of Grounding |
|
II. |
Grounding Design Theory |
|
• Factors that Influence
Results
|
|
• Soil
Characteristics
|
|
• Soil
Resistivity
|
|
• Effects of Moisture &
Temperature
|
|
III. |
Soil Resistivity Testing |
|
• Soil Types
|
|
• 4 Pt. Wenner
Method
|
|
• Miller Box
Method
|
|
IV. |
Characteristics of Ground Electrodes |
|
• Spheres of
Influence
|
|
• Rod Length vs.
Resistance
|
|
• Number of Rods vs.
Resistance
|
|
V. |
Types of Grounding Electrodes |
|
• Water Pipes / Driven
Rods
|
|
• Ground Plates
|
|
• Chemical Wells /
UFER
|
|
• XIT™ Systems
|
| VI. |
4-Step
Design Process |
|
• Data
Collection |
|
• Design |
|
• Installation |
|
• Resistance Testing |
|
VII. |
Ground Resistance Testing |
|
• Fall-of-Potential
Test
|
|
• Clamp-On Resistance
Testers
|
|
• Ground Resistance
Monitor
GRM 2000 RS
|
|
VIII. |
Field Testing Demonstration
(hands-on) Operational Field
Examples |
|
• 4-Point / 3-Point /
Clamp-On
|
|
IX. |
Conclusion / Questions |
